It is extremely difficult to reliably assess migration dynamics over time. According to experts at the Higher School of Economics' Institute of Demography in their review of labour migration , the rules for migrant registration changed frequently throughout the 2010s, as did the practice of registering foreign nationals with the Interior Ministry. The current registration practice may be considered more or less established from 2019 when over 701,000 people came to Russia.

После снижения в 2022 году потребительский спрос в России восстанавливается медленно и неравномерно, говорится в апрельском обзоре «Региональная экономика», который публикует Центробанк. В наибольшей степени проседает потребление дорогих товаров длительного пользования. Продажи автомобилей, бытовой техники, электроники и одежды существенно сократились. Рост продаж в физическом выражении наблюдается в основном в торговле продуктами питания и некоторыми непродовольственными товарами.

According to the Central Bank's April Regional Economic Survey, after declining in 2022, consumer demand in Russia is now recovering slowly and unevenly. The biggest drop in demand occurred in the purchase of high-priced consumer durables. Cars, household appliances, electronics, and clothing sales have all declined significantly. Only the food trade and some non-food products have seen an increase in physical sales.