Mode optics. Despite sanctions, Russia is actively developing quantum and laser technologies for military needs
There are tasks that quantum computers will need to be radically better at than classical ones, such as breaking codes. So far, existing quantum computers are not “cryptographically relevant quantum computers,” that is, they are far from breaking the standard encryption algorithms used today. A cryptographically relevant quantum computer that cracks the RSA algorithm with a 2048-bit key would, according to recent estimates, have at least a million physical qubits.