Cross and hammer

The day of memory of victims of political repression cannot be the main memorable day of the state, which loves when they love it without memory

The Chairman of the Board of the Pskov Society "Memorial" Yuri Dzev, speaking on October 30 near the mortgage stone at the site of the future memorial in memory of the victims of political repression, said: "We are going here for the fifth time. Four years have passed, and - silence. ” (The history of the installation of embedded stone at the site of the future memorial to the memory of the victims of political repressions, see: Yu. Dzeva. Dead point ; K. Minaev. “Memorial has approached the hour” ; M. Kiselev. There would be no happiness ... ; E. Shiryaeva; E. Shiryaeva. “So my son was to the taste of my son?” ) Repressed, contrary to the promise of the authorities, there is still no Pskov in Pskov. According to the chairman of the Pskov "Memorial", "at the state and regional level, the day of memory of victims of political repressions takes place unnoticed." The editor of the Pskov province, Lev Schlosberg, also said about the same thing: "The day of memory is state, but some kind of secret." Perhaps this is for the better. In the sense that on this day officials do not flash in front of the television cameras and do not shake the air with loud words.

The Pskov cross, installed in Levashovo in memory of the dead countrymen. Photo: Ekaterina Gorbyleva

At the end of October 2011, two important events occurred, having a direct relationship between the victims of political repressions. Firstly, at the site of the mass burial of the executed Pskovs in the Levashov wasteland near St. Petersburg, a new memorial cross finally appeared.

The previous one was installed in the last century, and it dilapidated. The new cross was shot in Pskov at the “blacksmith's yard” (blacksmith Evgeny Vagin , artist Andrei Selyutin ). The value of the cross is also that the money for it was raised by the family of innocently dead.

The second important event is the opening of the exhibition in the Pskov Museum-Reserve “Interesting. The experience of spiritual resistance. "

Pskov, October 30, 2011. Day of memory of victims of political repression. Photo: Lev Schlosberg

The exhibition was created in Yekaterinburg on the basis of archival documents and private collections. In Pskov, the exposition was complemented by exhibits from the personal archive of Archpriest Pavel Adeelheim and Archpriest Vladimir Popov .

When you peer into the photographs presented at the exhibition, then the victims look not repressed, but the executioners. Judging by their empty eyes, the executioner was just a “red wheel” was ground.

At the exhibition "unrestrained" speech, first of all, is about priests of the Russian Orthodox Church. In the Pskov section, the most materials are dedicated to Archpriest Konstantin Shakhovsky.

Anti -people achievements

Once a year, a bus leaves from Pskov to the Levashov wasteland. [Cm. previous publications: Yu. Strekalovsky. Forest of dead and living ; E. Shiryaeva. The death certificate .] Last year, it was not possible to collect money for an organized departure, but in 2011 everything took place, and in Levashovo, mostly, the relatives of those who were destroyed by the Soviet regime in the late thirties went to Levashovo.

Pskov, October 30, 2011. Day of memory of victims of political repression. Photo: Lev Schlosberg

Levashov wasteland is like an exhibition of anti -people's achievements. VDNH inside out. Through the gate in a high green fence (Gorskoye Shosse, 143), you can return from the black move the communist past, in which there were no place for millions of living people. About 47 thousand people secretly buried in Levashovo. At night they brought it to this secret object, guarded by the Chekists, and dropped the pitchfork from the truck.

Once it was really a wasteland near Leningrad, and now it was a real forest, overflowing with monuments. If at the former VDNH there are pavilions of the Union republics, then here are monuments destroyed by Russians, Ukrainians, Jews, Estonians, Latvians, Assyrians, Germans, Lithuanians, Poles, Italians. Real International. Forcibly death united everyone.

At the end of the eighties, things were temporarily declassified by the cases of communist power. Relatives learned what exactly happened to their fathers, mothers, brothers, sisters ... As a rule, the plot was mortally simple: a den-sir-de-industry-shooting denunciation.

Libra of history

Karl Ozola was shot "for trying to arson the Pskov power plant." After the death of Stalin , he was rehabilitated. Thirty years later, Elvira Karlovna Andreeva found out in what earth her father's body lies. It is lying. The body was not buried, but threw into the ground, like tens of thousands of other bodies. So there was a huge mass grave without pyramids and crosses, without names.

October 30, 2011 Archpriest Fr. Pavel Adeelheim. Photo: Lev Schlosberg

The chairman of the collective farm Ivan Dmitrievich Shorokhov was shot for the fact that he went hunting with Melnik. And the miller was killed because of his non-Russian origin, suspected of wrecking. Those who talked with him automatically became accomplices.

“There was no repression,” as one of the passers -by expressed, passing by a granite “embedded stone”, established in Pskov in memory of the victims of political repression. So he thinks not only that random passerby.

This is not the first time in Russia to “balance history” is being made. On one side there are innocent victims, on the other - the so -called achievements. A few presses of the calculator buttons, and it is found that there are more achievements. Therefore, in general, everything is fine. The general color is rainbow.

On this occasion, a member of the mourning ceremony near the mortgage stone memory to the victims of political repressions Lev Schlosberg said: “Everything happens as if there are two grades of good and evil.”

In the eyes of many of our compatriots, including statesmen, who were killed by the Soviet regime, become "acceptable statistical error." They are now trying to take them out of brackets and equate to the victims of auto -missiles, a plane crash that died of alcoholism and smoking. It is impossible to completely ban cars, planes, alcohol. Many are sure that the Soviet government cannot be finally banned.

The temptation to return to the bright past is great, especially since the return, of course, is assumed not through black, but through the front door. Through Red Square, the Palace of Congresses and the same former VDNH.

As Pskovichka Tamara Alexandrovna Yablokova , the daughter of the executed Alexander Fritsevich Yablokova , said: "And the attitude towards us is the same as before, when we were considered children of the enemies of the people."

Some neighbors are still suspicious at these children who have long become grandmothers.

It is also easier for the state to dismiss those who, at a young age in one night, turned into the enemies of the people, survived the violent death of relatives, was thrown into a commodity car and sent for distant lands from the house.

Many children repressed of those who survived became later veterans of war, prisoners of fascist camps.

Old cart

Nikolai (Lucian) Osipovich Lunkevich was a Pole and, if expressed by the language of the Chekist protocol, this Pskov railwayman "participated in a group that prepared the Polish attack on the Soviet Union."

In order to understand what happened in 1939, you can try to return there - so be not through black, but just through the front door. For example, with the help of Pravda - the main newspaper of the USSR.

On October 7, 1939, the results of the war with Poland were summed up there. The word was given to the chief European specialist in Poland and the chief Soviet ally - Adolf Hitler . “On the bones and blood of the Germans and Russians,” said Hitler, “without any accounting of historical, ethnographic and economic conditions, a state was created that had no right to exist ...”

The Nazis and the Communists knew well who had the right to exist and who did not have. As a result, this supernight 72 years ago led to World War II.

The Soviet Union joined it on September 17, 1939 along with fascist Germany. The opponents of the USSR were then considered England and France. The order of the People’s Commissar of Defense of the USSR Marshal Klement Voroshilov (published in Pravda for November 7, 1939) says: “The Anglo-French aggressors, without showing the will to the world, do everything to strengthen the war ...” .

The text of the Marshal order turned out to be informal, apparently, it was written from the heart. There, for example, there is such a phrase: “The Polish state whose rulers always showed so much arrogance, at the first serious clash, it scattered like an old cart ...”

It was very simple to destroy the Poles (including prisoners) in their own territory. The USSR had gained vast experience in the elimination of Poles in Soviet territory. But the repressive machine could not destroy everything and everyone. Neither in Poland, nor in the USSR. The relatives of the arrested and executed remained, friends remained. Many of them received a gigantic dose of fear. This fear was the necessary fuel, without which the repressive machine could not move.

The fear is inescapable

Rector of the St. Nicholas Lyubatovo Church Archpriest Vladimir Popov at the opening of the exhibition “Unperemitted. The experience of spiritual resistance ”told how the Soviet government introduced“ fear of inescapable, everyday fear ”.

Pskov, October 30, 2011. Day of memory of victims of political repression. Photo: Lev Schlosberg

During the first tour of the museum exposition, the name of Stalin seems to have never been uttered, but Lenin was mentioned. In a letter to Gorky in November 1913, Lenin wrote: “Every God is a corpse ... every religious idea, every idea of ​​every god, all flirting even with God is an inexpressible abomination ...” .

The Bolsheviks began to fight with the "corpse" immediately after coming to power. Repressions were originally aimed at well -defined people. The exposition tells about priests whom they tried to frighten and seduce. Many executioners experienced pleasure, destroying their ideological enemies. Priests were doused with water in the cold, nailed with nails to the sleepers. It came to the point that later in the USSR, Christmas trees were banned for ten years.

The drawings of the artist, writer, biologist and prisoner Viktor Grebennikov are impressed at the exhibition. One of the drawings is signed as follows: "Our corpses are taken out of the zone, punching a head with a hammer."

Archpriest Pavel Adeelheim during a prayer service for those killed by the mortgage stone said that “there was a war on the state with its people. The main task was forgotten: preserving your people, taking care of it. ”

So far, they do not really remember the main task, the state cannot be considered full-fledged.

It would seem that in conditions of repression it was the safest - to hide and be silent. Silence gave at least some guarantee of life at large. Two years ago, Nina Nikolaevna Lunkevich , standing under the trees in the Levashovskaya Perenda, told me that she was silent until the end of the eighties. Vigilant people are always full of around. If desired, it was possible to cling to her, and then the question would immediately arise: "What to expect from the fascist?" “Fascist” is her, Nina Nikolaevna.

Permissible error

Levashov wasteland is a terrible place. But not worse than the death that the people who the Soviet government considered their enemies adopted at the end of the thirties. Everything was done to erase the memory of these people. However, it was not possible to erase the memory.

In Levashovo, a tradition has spontaneously developed - to put monuments, crosses, hang signs in the forest. They appeared where the heart prompted. The secret burial ground of the MGB-NKVD, which turned into the forest, is full of such signs, photographs, crosses.

In the Levashov wasteland there is a bell, into which those who came to the place of mass burials beat three times. The bell is loud, but not loud enough to be heard everywhere in a huge country.

How many people need to be destroyed in order to make humanity happy or at least one country? This question is still relevant. Some people who consider themselves Russian intellectuals insist that this figure should not exceed reasonable limits. Well, let's say, a million, five or seven million. And only what is higher is unjustified. And what is below is possible, "permissible statistical error."

These intelligent people with righteous anger collapse on modern politicians, but killer politicians from the Soviet past are ready to protect the saliva to the last drop. “So it was necessary,” they say confidently. “And those who believe differently betray the past of their Fatherland.”

If you adhere to the same opinion, then all the relatives of the repressed in the 1930s, who came to the Levashov wasteland to the place of burial, are traitors. They do not want to admit that their relatives were destroyed for nothing. They still love their parents. And this love once again turns out to be criminal. It intersects with love not even to the Fatherland, but to its state.

As usual, love for the state is on the main road, and love for relatives should shelter from the edge. Priorities are obvious. Love for the state rushes at full speed with howl and flashes, sweeping away everything in its path. As escort machines - love for state -owned persons.

And somewhere in the roadsides, people with their private and, in a sense, have a criminal love for those who have become a beloved state across the road. “Everything except love has been burned out in me,” as one of the heroes of the exhibition “Non -Translated” said.

Peresa -updated plan

October 30 and November 7 shares only a week. This is no accident. The secret burial ground of the NKVD in the Levashov wasteland appeared thanks to the All -Union holiday. The anniversary date was approaching-the 20th anniversary of the anniversary of the October Revolution. On July 2, 1937, the Politburo of the Central Committee decided on a large -scale "repression operation" . It was supposed to celebrate a wide leg.

The verdict to Archpriest Konstantin Shakhovsky. Photo: Lev Schlosberg

In the Leningrad Region (which then included the current Pskov region), according to the plan until October, 4 thousand people had to be shot. UNKVD successfully coped with its task. But it was difficult to stop. The office was crowded with denunciations. The consequences of the party’s course for universal literacy were affected.

The easiest way was to convey to the Orthodox priests, Jews, Poles, Latvians, Estonians, Lithuanians, Finns, Germans ... Italians who escaped from the fascist regime of Mussolini did not need to be reported at all. They were already in sight. The naked eye could be seen that they were not like the Soviet builders of communism. The Assyrians behaved suspiciously. This incomprehensible nation did not fit into the usual ideas about the fraternal union of peoples.

In the Levashov wasteland, there is a deaf monument. With these, everything was clear. Loudly glorify the Soviet government and personally Comrade Stalin, they did not have physical opportunity, and they were doomed to be not only on the sidelines of history, but in the ditch, especially dug for them near Leningrad.

The real deaf -mute was destroyed, but new, artificial deaf -mute appeared constantly. These people did not want to hear about what was happening around. They, able to say their word, silently demolished humiliation, the death of friends, relatives, neighbors ...

I asked the relatives of those who were thrown into Levashovo’s land: “Do you know the names of people who wrote a denunciation on your family?” Someone knew someone-no. In the affairs that they showed in the late 1980s, there were surnames of scammers, but not everyone had the strength to read these surnames. As a rule, these were the closest neighbors, colleagues, or even relatives. Some may still live. And certainly that their children and grandchildren are alive.

Love to death

In Levashovo lies Boris Kornilov , shot in 1938. This is the author of the lines, which Dmitry Shostakovich put to music in 1931:

“The morning meets us with coolness,
The river meets us by the wind.
Curly, what are you not happy
Funny stump of beep?
Do not sleep, get up, curly!
In the shops of Zaveny,
The country rises with glory
To meet the day. "

Such a government, by and large, was still no one to kill. “Their own”, “strangers” ... those who glorified or those who cursed. The process itself was important. The fruits were dangerous as the roots. And everyone had the roots. So they were pulled out. I must admit that the operation was successful. The morning did not meet with coolness, but only those who lived until the morning.

“And it will run into life by orama,
Fathers change,
The country rises with glory
To meet the day. "

Fathers were replaced, among other things, with the help of executions to the anniversary. In one of the options for the text, Boris Kornilov wrote: “And the joy cannot be hidden, // When the drummers beat: // October are followed, // Singing Songs Sing.”

In addition to drummers, there were also informers. The bullying orchestra of the snatches became more and more. This is also remembered in Levashovo. On one of the trees there is a homemade plate with the words:

"Raven denunciations of food,
As ordering the system of the whole.
The knocks write them, write them
On neighbors and friends ...
"Black Raven" took out many
Nowhere in the color of years.
In the past - fears and anxiety,
They seem to be not.
No today, and then how?
The rustles of the night ...
Name for descendants
Informers and executioners. "

But few people need it. What are the knocks? What executioners? These were the builders of the new state, which was supposed to love to death.

Genuine monuments

Built on mortal love, such empires do not live for a long time. They rot from the inside, despite the "burry songs" glorifying the "glorious country." The state, erected on blood, lies and fear, could not but fall apart. И подлинные его памятники – не те, что до сих пор стоят на главных площадях наших городов, а те, что не бросаются в глаза.

Лагерная молитва из архива о. Владимира Попова. Photo: Lev Schlosberg

Псковский крест, установленный в Левашово в память погибшим землякам, - один из таких памятников. Наверное, было бы правильно, чтобы там же появились и фамилии тех людей, кто покоится в Левашовской пустоши. А то получается, что для многих наша история по-прежнему остается безымянной. В ней с трудом находится место для фамилий палачей и жертв. Но безымянная история, скрытая за громкими словами, – это подделка на службе у государства, которое по-прежнему обожает, когда его любят без памяти.