Ed. Alexandra Verkhovsky
MANIFESTATIONS OF RADICAL NATIONALISM : Violence : Vandalism : Public activity of far-right groups : Reaction of the authorities to the events on Manezhnaya Square : Far-right organizations : Non-political activities of the far-right
COUNTERING RADICAL NATIONALISM : Public opposition : Criminal prosecution : Federal lists of extremist materials : Recognition of organizations as extremist : Other administrative measures
APPLICATIONS. CRIME AND PUNISHMENT STATISTICS
Summary
The winter of 2010–2011 was an important stage in the development of the far right
movements. Riots on Manezhnaya Square in Moscow on December 11, 2010 and
the subsequent attacks in different cities of Russia sharply
brought to the fore the problems of nationalism and racism in the public consciousness.
For the first time, right-wing radicals managed to carry out such a campaign in the center of Moscow.
numerous unauthorized events under radical
slogans, without being dispersed by the police and ending in a mass
violence. For the first time, and, presumably, unexpectedly for ourselves
right-wing radicals, managed to transfer the “Kondopoga technology” to the capital
(and in general to the metropolis).
Attempts to organize new unrest and a surge in racist violence
continued until the end of December 2010. Mass actions successful
were stopped by the police, and since January 2011, employees
law enforcement agencies managed to cope with the increase in attacks, their
the level began to decline.
The activity of xenophobic vandals is gradually decreasing,
however, the number of truly dangerous acts of vandalism is increasing.
The main targets of attacks continue to be ideological
monuments.
Criminal prosecutions for xenophobic violence continue to increase. A
its quality is quite contradictory: on the one hand, racist
the motive for committing a crime is increasingly recognized by the courts, on the other hand
On the other hand, the proportion of those sentenced to probation for such crimes has increased—almost
half of those convicted over the winter were given suspended sentences.
As for the practice of prosecution for xenophobic propaganda,
are punished mainly for minor acts, while
real ideologues and propagandists remain unpunished.
The Federal List of Extremist Materials is being actively updated, but it continues to retain all its inherent shortcomings.
The federal list of extremist organizations is also increasing, but
mainly due to groups that no longer exist. Prohibition of the only
a real existing group - the Slavic Union - did not bring any
result.
Manifestations of radical nationalism
Violence
In the winter of 2010–2011, at least 103 people suffered from xenophobic violence [1] ,
10 of whom died. Since the beginning of 2011, 27 people have been injured, of which
of whom seven died and two received serious death threats. It's a little
less than in the winter of 2009–2010; then 107 people were injured, 14 of them
who died. However, on the one hand, our statistical data
replenished with a great delay and quite intensively - about 20%
growth for the year, on the other hand, the exceptional events of December did not
allow comparison of two winters.
The surge in violence at the end of December 2010 was undoubtedly linked to
events on Manezhnaya Square in Moscow on December 11 and subsequent events
attacks in different cities of Russia [2] .
At the beginning of 2011, the wave of attacks subsided thanks to the actions of
law enforcement officers who became active after
December events.
Over the winter, attacks were recorded in 13 regions of Russia (Moscow region,
St. Petersburg with the region, Astrakhan, Voronezh, Nizhny Novgorod, Rostov,
Ryazan and Samara regions, Komi Republic, Stavropol and Krasnodar territories).
The geographic leaders are still Moscow and the region (76
injured, of which 4 died) and St. Petersburg and the region (11
casualties, of which 1 died). Krasnodarsky and
Stavropol Territory (3 victims each) and Voronezh Region
(the latter due to those beaten under anti-American slogans in January
2011 3 Mormon missionaries).
The main group of victims known to us are natives of Central Asia [3]
(23 injured, 3 of them died). The second group became
natives of the Caucasus (14 victims, 4 of them died). Among
other groups - representatives of various religious associations,
police officers (10 people), natives of Asian countries outside the CIS (9
people), anti-fascists (4 people), natives of African countries (1 person).
It should be noted that during the reporting period, 38 people of “non-Slavic ethnic groups” were injured.
appearance”, which we cannot classify: mostly these are victims
mass attacks on December 11.
As we have written many times before, a significant part of xenophobic
incidents may fall out of sight due to conscious
“camouflaging” attacks (for example, disguising them as robbery). Except
Moreover, over the past few years, information about such attacks has appeared in
networks less and less often, and mostly what happened becomes known
later - from reports of the sentences of the attackers.
In addition, there have been cases where law enforcement officers
authorities not only do not help the victims of the attack, but, on the contrary, try
turn victims into accused. During the winter period we became
two such incidents are known. The first occurred in December 2010 in
St. Petersburg, when a group of four young people attacked
a native of Tajikistan and severely beat him, and those who arrived at the scene
police detained the victim and accused him of stealing a phone
one of the attackers. The second incident occurred in January 2011 in
Moscow metro. A group of young people wearing CSKA fan scarves attacked
citizens of Tajikistan and began beating them, one of the victims,
He used a broken bottle to defend himself. As a result, police officers
detained this native of Tajikistan and now accuse him of assault
and injuring one of the fans [4] .
During the winter months, the theme of neo-Nazi terror became more active again.
So, in mid-January in St. Petersburg, deputy director
The Agency for Investigative Journalism (AZHUR) received a threatening letter to
your address, signed “Combat Organization of Russian Nationalists”
(BORN) [5] . In the summer of 2010, the journalist’s name was published in the list of “enemies” on one of the right-wing radical websites.
The personal details of the judge were published on one of the far-right websites.
(portrait, address and photograph of the house) leading the trial in the case of
murder of Stanislav Markelov and Anastasia Baburova.
Note that we cannot fully assess the scale of such
activities, since such cases rarely become known
publicity due to the reluctance of victims to make this kind of information public.
Vandalism
In the winter of 2010–2011, at least 16 acts of vandalism were committed,
motivated by religious hatred and neo-Nazi ideological
installations, including 11 already in 2011. In the summer of 2010 we
recorded 20 such cases, and in the fall of 2010 - 18. Thus, in
Over the past year there has been a slow downward trend
activities of xenophobic vandals. This can probably be explained by
that right-wing radicals are gradually ceasing to engage in such “frivolous”
activities.
However, the number of truly dangerous acts of vandalism (explosions,
shooting at windows, arson). Witness buildings were damaged by explosions in winter
Jehovah (4 cases) in Vyborg, Krasnodar region, Rostov and
Orenburg regions and the monument to Lenin in Pushkin.
Almost half (5 cases) of actions during the winter of 2010–2011 were carried out in
in relation to “ideological objects” (picture, almost entirely
similar to autumn 2010). For example, in December 2010, attacks
Monuments to Lenin in Voronezh and Pushkin were vandalized.
In addition to those already mentioned, the targets of attacks during the reporting period were:
Muslim monuments (2 cases), Orthodox, Protestant and
Jewish objects (1 case each).
Public activity of far-right groups
The winter period is characterized by a surge in political and other public
far-right activity, which began with the murder in
fight with people from the Caucasus on December 6, Spartak fan Yegor Sviridov.
In addition to the fact of murder, a big role for right-wing radicals and
football fans played a role in disseminating information that all participants
fights, with the exception of the direct killer, were released under
recognizance not to leave.
In the ultra-right and fan environment, the conflict that led to the death of Yegor
Sviridov, was immediately interpreted as “interethnic”, and this
caused a wave of indignation. I remembered an almost similar murder
another Spartak fan, Yuri Volkov, in July 2010 [6] .
Right-wing Internet propagandists began to actively spread
texts about “impunity for ethnic crime in Russia”, “Caucasian
lawlessness”, etc.
On December 7–18, Moscow, St. Petersburg and a number of other cities hosted
various kinds of protests that resulted in clashes with riot police,
attacks on passers-by with “non-Slavic appearance”, fights between the ultra-right and
immigrants from the Caucasus and mass detentions [7] .
It is worth noting that if the procession along Leningradsky Prospekt was
spontaneous, and the riots on Manezhnaya Square and some other actions
resulted from the unexpected effectiveness of open appeals from a number of
far-right groups, some incidents were caused by various
Internet provocations. So, for example, on the Internet on December 13
a message appeared allegedly written on behalf of representatives of the peoples
Caucasus, in which the authors called on “compatriots” to come 15
December to the Evropeisky shopping center in Moscow to carry out an action in response to
events on Manezhnaya Square on December 11. 13 and 14
December, a message began to circulate on social networks in which
it was said that on December 15 there would be a clash on Sennaya Square in St. Petersburg
between right-wing radicals and representatives of national diasporas. Author
messages allegedly tried to warn people about the danger and
even advised them not to appear in the area. 14
December, a message spread on the Internet that “cars traveling from
Caucasus were stopped in Rostov-on-Don,” and therefore the action of immigrants from the Caucasus
(in response to the events on Manezhnaya Square) will be held in this city, and not in
capital.
Right-wing radicals made great efforts to bring to the streets both
as many people as possible and thereby “consolidate the success” of Manezhnaya Square, but
this round of confrontation was eventually won by the police.
At the end of December, to solve similar problems, a certain initiative
the group created the “December 11th Movement,” which, according to the authors, should
was to turn a spontaneous series of far-right actions into a permanent
an active political movement that regularly reminds of its
existence. The Manifesto began to actively spread on the Internet,
in which all supporters of the new movement were offered not only
gather every month for rallies on Manezhnaya Square in Moscow and others
cities, but also to “capture” any actions sanctioned by the authorities outside
depending on who is organizing them and why they
dedicated. However, in practice, the organizers’ plan has not yet worked out.
bring to life: there are no examples of “hijacking” other people’s events, but they themselves
the actions of the “December 11 Movement” did not become widespread, although they were actively
advertised and visited by members of far-right organizations (leader
ultra-right movement Slavic Power Dmitry Demushkin, one of the leaders
Movement Against Illegal Immigration (DPNI) Vladimir Tor (later left
from the organization), member of the Moscow branch of DPNI Anton
Severny, one of the leaders of the “Russian Image” Alexey Mikhailov, member
Russian Civil Union Anton Susov, member of the presidium
registered party "Motherland - Common Sense" Maxim Kalashnikov and
leader of the Russian Liberation Front "Memory" Georgy Borovikov).
Low attendance at events in January and February (and even in March)
is explained primarily by the opposition from
states faced by the far right: to the proposed locations
gathering fans and right-wing radicals, reinforced police units were assembled and
Riot police who detained everyone who introduced themselves in the slightest degree
suspicious. Thus, although the adherents
ultra-right views almost unanimously support the idea itself
holding the action, they prefer not to “shine” in front of
law enforcement agencies and stay at home.
In addition to events one way or another dedicated to the murder of Yegor
Sviridov, the ultra-right tried to find other reasons for holding
public actions, trying to find a new mobilization resource. However
none of these attempts were successful.
In January, such a reason was a mass brawl in the St. Petersburg region
Kupchino between local youth (according to some sources - fans
"Zenith") and immigrants from Azerbaijan. No one died in the fight, but two
"Zenitovets" were wounded - knife and gunshot. Participation in
promotion of the conflict was accepted by DPNI, whose representative actively tried
help local youth organize for a protest.
However, the action failed (about 30 people came). So low
attendance is partly due to the fact that the attackers were not released from
police (although DPNI tried to spread a rumor that three of the seven
Azerbaijanis are already free), as was the case with Volkov and
Sviridov, and therefore did not join the “anti-Caucasian” protest
"anti-police".
Another important event that attracted the attention of the far right
organizations, there was a terrorist attack at Domodedovo airport. However, an attempt
mobilize supporters to fight “Caucasian-Islamist terror”
against “Russian people” and “inaction of the state in the fight against
terrorism” did not produce the desired results. Two events took place in Moscow:
one - on January 25 at the Tretyakovskaya metro station, it was visited by about 15
people, including D. Demushkin, who was detained, the second - at the All-Russian Exhibition Center
January 29, also not numerous. In addition, actions took place in
Syktyvkare (organized by “Rubezh Severa”) - about 50 people attended
person, Cherepovets (organized by the branch of the National
socialist initiative (NSI) Dmitry Bobrov) - visited by about 50
people and in Ulyanovsk - about 25 people visited.
The authorities' reaction to the events on Manezhnaya Square
The authorities' first reaction to the December riots was limited
exclusively by talking about the culprits and punishment. So, December 16,
five days after the events on Manezhnaya Square, Dmitry Medvedev,
blamed the ultra-right for what happened and ordered the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the General
the prosecutor's office to find and punish the instigators. Head of Government, Vladimir
Putin initially reacted in approximately the same vein as the President,
however, a few days later he held a meeting with the leadership of football
fans, where he talked about the crimes of visitors and the need to tighten the overly liberal registration system in
large cities. The reaction of the head of the Investigative Committee was similar.
at the Prosecutor's Office of the Russian Federation, Alexander Bastrykin, who during the winter
stated several times that “extremism” is provoked by crimes
migrants.
The conversations were complemented by specific power policies.
Law enforcement agencies not only stopped attempts to carry out
unauthorized far-right actions, but also gradually began
arrest rioters and charge them (although
We are still only observing the very beginning of the process, and it is difficult to judge
how well it is done). It was suspended in February
the activities of one of the largest far-right organizations - DPNI, and
a process has begun to recognize it as extremist. Despite the fact that DPNI
was not the organizer of the riots on Manezhnaya Square, he
activities are largely aimed at provoking such actions, and,
Most likely, banning an organization is one of the forms of pressure on
the far-right environment in general [8] .
After the New Year holidays, the authorities' reaction became more
meaningful. So, on January 17, at a meeting with the leadership of the Federal
meeting, Dmitry Medvedev not only recognized the need to hold
nation-building policies, without which xenophobic conflicts will
flare up again and again, but even, albeit very vaguely, indicated
principles according to which this should be done. According to
President, it is necessary to develop some synthetic values that
will be able to unite all Russians, regardless of ethnicity
origin, into one nation. At the same time, it is planned to highlight these values in
primarily from Russian culture (including modern, not
only inherited from ancestors) as dominant. Unfortunately, President
did not explain what type these values could be (at least approximately); Not
they also spoke about the mechanisms that would ensure their universal
assimilation (especially in the republics of the North Caucasus).
On February 11, the topic of interethnic relations was again raised by the President at a meeting of the Presidium of the State Council in Ufa [9] .
This time Dmitry Medvedev spoke about the inadequacy of the measures that
accepted for civic education in schools, and proposed to replace
them by some other (which exactly was not explained); said about
the need to finance the state of media products,
promoting tolerance, and programs encouraging expansion
Cultural exchange between regions. In addition, the president proposed
prohibit teaching in schools and working in state bodies to people who had
criminal record for hatred crimes, condemned the practice of restrictions
the number of representatives of certain nationalities in the formation
authorities in some regions, gave the idea of creating working groups,
consisting of representatives of various religious denominations, for
settlement of interethnic conflicts in the regions (which was immediately
implemented at the federal level).
Some specific measures listed above (for example, expansion
practices of "prohibitions on the profession") will probably be able to slightly improve
the situation with the spread of xenophobia in the country, and some (for example,
interfaith workers), most likely, will not give any
positive effect [10] .
However, the fact that the country's leadership at least voiced the very fact that the country's leadership is important
the need to pursue a policy on national construction and
Recognized the presence of a problem. But to solve it, only statements are clearly
not enough, it is necessary to develop at least a preliminary program
actions.
Small organizations
Increased pressure on the ultra -right environment by the state,
followed by December unrest, strengthened the already stormy
Criticism of the current political regime. Partly feeling a request
environment, partly responding to pressure exerted, right -winged
Organizations began to switch to opposition rhetoric more and more actively:
On the sites and on the blogs of the ultra -right more, information about
corruption scandals, crimes of law enforcement officers
organs, cases of detention of "associates". Of course, opposition
right -wing random is far from a new phenomenon, but after the December
The trend has noticeably intensified.
One example of opposition rhetoric was propaganda
campaign expanded around the possible recognition of the extremist DPNI
organization. It began back in January, before law enforcement
The authorities officially confirmed the intention to start the closure process
movements.
In addition, the management of the movement emphasized in every way that
the existence of the organization restrains the activity of autonomous
right -wing groups and in the event of a ban should expect a surge
street violence. Despite the fact that in reality neither DPNI nor
any other public organization does not enjoy wide support
autonomous groups and no one retains anyone (and more often,
on the contrary, acts as a provocateur), such statements were designed, in
first of all, to receive support for other opposition movements,
the process of rapprochement with which in the general field of combating the regime outlined
Last fall. So, Alexander Belov in one of his winter
The interview said: “ I see today that there are grounds for the combined actions of the entire opposition in general, both systemic and non -systemic . *...
What could it be? Well, let's say, the conduct of mass marches on one day
(authorized or unauthorized) with the same
requirements in different areas of Moscow. Since we still have people
different, then, for example, liberals gather on Tverskaya (in the square
Mayakovsky, for example), on pure ponds left, and right on the swamp
Square*” [11] .
Despite the declared readiness to make contacts with others
oppositionists (and separate examples of cooperation in conducting
joint shares), in reality, too close rapprochement causes
Turning off both one and the other. So, for example, after
December events representatives of the Party "Other Russia" announced their intention to invite
ultra -right and football fans take part in shares within the framework
Strategies-31, and in response to this, an appeal appeared on the Internet
“Democrats are not on the way with nationalists”, in which the authors sharply condemned
An attempt to attract right -beards to the action. A similar situation has developed in
DPNI. In early February, Vladimir Thor, then - one of the leaders
movements, announced in his "live magazine" that he had met with Boris
Nemtsov, Sergey Zhavoronkov from "Democratic Choice", Denis
Bilunov from Solidarity and Alexei Nekrasov from the project Five
requirements ". According to V. Thor, prospects were discussed at the meetings
cooperation, holding agreed shares, the common purpose of which
There will be a "protest against the current political regime." However, after
For some time a message appeared on the DPNI website that a meeting with
V. Tor conducted the leaders of the democratic opposition on his personal initiative,
And the leadership of the movement did not authorize them. Moreover, almost
At the same time, it was announced that V. Thor was leaving the DPNI and
Finally goes into the Russian social movement (genus). Quicker
in total, the negotiations of the Torah with the Democrats are not the real reason for its
exit from the organization, and the DPNI simply used them as an occasion, so that in
a mild form to disowned from cooperation with liberals, causing
A sharply negative reaction in the ultra -right environment.
Unification trends outlined in the fall of 2010 after
signing the "Declaration of Russian National Organizations" by the two most
large ultra -right organizations - DPNI and the “Russian way” - in winter
Continued and even strengthened against the background of the impending ban on the DPNI.
However, in January, one of the main
Players are a “Russian image” around which a scandal erupted. Scandal
was caused by the publication of the testimonies of Ilya Goryachev.
(former leader of the "Russian image") and Sergey Erzunov (soloist
associated with the "Russian image" of the musical group "Hook on the right"), which
They gave in the case of Nikita Tikhonov and Evgenia Hasis. This contributed to this and
The official position of the "Russian image", which has defended
"Traitors."
After the publication of the protocols of interrogations I. Goryachev and S. Erzunov on
right -winged sites rose a wave of indignation, and the leader
Konstantin Krylov made an official statement in which he announced
freezing relationships with the “Russian way” and all joint projects.
In addition, a tough but unofficial statement to Ilya Goryachev
released Vladimir Thor, who was still one of the leaders at that time
DPNI.
A serious crisis of the “Russian image” gave DPNI a chance to become the most
significant ultra -right power, but the beginning of the process to recognize DPNI
the extremist organization did not give the movement in full
take advantage of the favorable situation. Then the management of the organization
began to force the promotion of the idea of creating a single party of Russians
Nationalists, in which she was supported by the ideologically close clan of K.
Krylova.
In early February, A. Belov said that he was going to start
negotiations with other ultra -right associations, and on February 22 on
The DPNI website appeared that members of the Coalition "Russian March" (DPNI,
RFF "Memory", RONS, Rod, Slavic power and the union of the Russian people)
entered into an agreement on the formation of an authority called the "council of the nation",
to create a new political organization. Vladimir Basmanov called it
The concluded agreement is “an epoch-making event to which there were long 5 years since the 1st Russian march in 2005” [12] .
Judging by the fact that none of the participants in the "epoch -making event"
Basmanov’s statement did not comment on the process of establishing
relations between various organizations, most likely, still
It is in its infancy.
The day after DPNI announced the conclusion
Agreements, Konstantin Krylov published a message about
intention to create a "public commission", the purpose of which will be
Development of a political program of the future party of Russian nationalists.
According to Krylov, at the moment, the ideology of most ultra -right
organizations were built primarily on criticizing the existing order
things, while it is necessary to create a “positive program” - a certain
a plan that would allow real and potential supporters to understand,
What, in fact, the new organization wants to achieve. As stated
Krylov, “... the most popular program will be the program of the moderate National Democratic sense,“ without excesses in one direction or another ”” [13] .
Activists of the clan and Russian civilian
Union (RGS), that is, relatively moderate nationalist
organizations.
It is still difficult to say whether the ultra -right organizations will be able to agree and
what role can be assigned to such a party, count on
The registration of which is unlikely to be. In the meantime, right -bending
organizations that feel the increased interest in their ideology,
joint efforts are trying to maintain a high level in an environment
dissatisfaction with the actions of the current political regime.
The non -political activity of the ultra -right
Most of the ultra -right organizations continued the previously taken course
for the implementation of various social projects (assistance to orphanages,
Donor movement, the struggle for a healthy lifestyle, etc.). As we are already
More than once noted, such projects allow the right -wing radicals to purchase
positive image, and also make it possible to directly communicate with
Potential associates, primarily with youth. Characteristic
An example is the organization "Resistance", which thanks to the status
his leader, a famous athlete-microfitaist Roman Zentsov and
diverse actions that promote a healthy lifestyle, often
cooperates with local authorities, and also penetrates school and children's
Houses. Another such example is a master class on hand-to-hand combat for
schoolchildren and pupils of orphanages, which Roman Zentsov spent in
Michurinsk (Tambov region) in January of this year; event
The city administration supported.
Speaking of social projects, one cannot fail to note the appearance of this winter
A new type of action lying in the Nazi-Streit-Edge line: Runes "Russians-
So sober. " Apparently, the idea of the action was inspired
New Year holidays, during which, as usual, it increased sharply
The amount of alcohol consumption. However, due to the fact that she
gained wide fame (including at the expense of television records),
The races continued after the holidays and passed in many cities
countries.
The first races, as far as we know, were not organized by noticeable
Ultra -right organizations, however, later right -wing guards are actively
they connected: they began to advertise on their sites, accept
Participation in shares, and then organize. Attention of right -winged
movements are explained not only by the propaganda success of races, but also
the opportunity to give them a political dimension: as soon as
the authorities began to interfere with the holding of shares (prohibiting, and in some
cases and detain participants in the race), the far -right ones announced this
Another example of the arbitrariness of the state (they say, “Russians” and run already
it is forbidden).
Countering radical nationalism
Public opposition
Three winter months were marked by two major public initiatives.
The events of December 2010 caused the response of the liberal part
society. The most significant event in the field of public
counteracting racism and xenophobia became emphasized by an apolitical rally
December 26 "Moscow for all", organized at the initiative of the writer
Viktor Shenderovich as a “answer” for December events. The rally collected
About one and a half thousand people [14] .
In addition, the second year was a noticeable event
All -Russian action of memory of Stanislav Markelov and Anastasia Baburova 19
January. The action took place in at least 23 cities of Russia. Like a year
Earlier, the organizer of the event was the “Committee on January 19” -
Nonalitical informal association of public activists. IN
The difference from last year’s action in Moscow, this year the event was held
Without incidents. In the capital in the anti -fascist procession and rally adopted
Participation of about 500-600 people.
Criminal prosecution
Punishment for violence
In the winter of 2010–2011, at least 13 sentences for xenophobic violence were issued, in which the motive of hatred was taken into account [15] .
In total, 32 people were convicted in these processes. There were sentences
Made in Moscow and Moscow Region, St. Petersburg, republics
Bashkortostan and Karelia, Nizhny Novgorod, Novgorod, Saratov,
Irkutsk, Tula and Kemerovo regions.
Out of 13 sentences in only three cases, a violent crime was
qualified under Art. 282 ("excitement of national hatred"). IN
the rest of the sentences are the racist nature of the attacks (which is more adequate)
was reflected in sentences in the form of a qualifying sign
relevant articles of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, such as paragraph "l" of part 2 of article 105 ("Murder
By the motive of hatred ”), part 2 of article 119 ("The threat of murder by motive
national hatred ”), part 4 of Art. 111 ("Causing serious harm
health that entailed the death of the victim on the motive of the national
hatred), paragraphs. "G", "E" of Part 2 of Art. 112 ("Causing medium severity of harm
health by the motive of hatred ”), paragraph“ b ”of Part 2 of Art. 115 ("Causing
Easy harm to health on the motive of hatred ”), part 2. Art. 213 (“Hooliganism committed by the motive of hatred”), paragraphs. “A”, “B” of Part 2 of Art.
116 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation ("Beating on the motive of hatred").
Thus, a significant improvement in quality can be noted
qualifications of violent crimes. Unfortunately, this is impossible
To say about punishments for such crimes.
Punishments were distributed as follows:
As can be seen from the above data, almost half of the convicts was
Sentenced to conditional punishment without any additional sanctions.
Trend to pass out conventional sentences for violent crimes
Over the past two years, it is more and more noticeable.
The January verdict of the Protvinsky city court is especially distinguished
Moscow region in the case of the leader of the local branch of the DPNI, who, who,
Among other things, they accused of killing a native of Tajikistan and beating
his compatriot. He was sentenced to 5 years in prison
conditionally [16] .
Obviously, in this sentence, such a disproportionate punishment has become
The result that the defendant concluded a deal with the investigation. And unlikely
whether this DPNI activist will be able to return to the ultra -right environment and decide on
A racist crime in the future.
However, we are forced to again state that mostly conditional
The sentences for violent racist attacks are generated by convicts
a feeling of impunity. It is noteworthy that some of the defendants in cases about
Violence had previously been condemned conditionally. So, for example, in December
2010 Dmitrovsky District Court sentenced a 40-year-old man for
A racist attack on a native of Tajikistan. In April last year
The convicted person was already sentenced to conditional punishment for a similar
The crime that did not prevent him from committing a new one [17] .
The real terms of imprisonment, as a rule, were received by those who previously
He was already convicted of other crimes. The most loud in this row was
The third verdict in the case of the "gang market", which has become widely known, so
how it was distinguished from the general series of neo -Nazi groups by the number
victims. The leaders of the group Arthur Ryn and Pavel Skachevsky received 10 years
imprisonment for racist murder committed in April 2007.
When making this sentence, the previous ones were taken into account [18] .
During the reporting period, we can cite a rare example of the punishment of the ultra -right for attacks on representatives of the authorities.
In February 2011, the neo -Nazi Sergei Marshakova was sentenced [19] ,
who in September 2009 fired at two FSB officers who came
To his house to search. S. Marshakov was sentenced to
16 years in prison.
In the winter of 2011, a trial began on a resonant case of
murder of lawyer Stanislav Markelov and journalist Anastasia Baburova
January 19
2009. On February 21, the Moscow City Court began consideration of the case in
attitude of two far -right Nikita Tikhonov and Evgenia Hasis,
suspects of committing a crime [20] .
The court promises to be long and contradictory, the process is widely covered
On right -wing sites. Before the trial, the seven jury took
Self -setting up, one of them referred to the fact that to accept a balanced
The decision will “be interfered with beliefs.” Witnesses of the prosecution who identified
The killer was testified to audio communications, fearing physical reprisals.
In the field of view of law enforcement officers, he was again
Head of the "All -Russian People's Militia named after Minin and
Pozharsky ”(NOMP) Vladimir Kvachkov [21] .
In December 2010, he was taken into custody, and in January 2011 SU FSB
Russia charged him under Part 1 of Art. 30 tbsp. 279 of the Criminal Code
("Entertaining for organizing an armed rebellion") and part 1 of Art. 205 1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation (“recruitment or involvement of persons in terrorist activity”). The materials of this case are classified.
Punishment for vandalism
In winter, 3 sentences for
Vandalism, perfect based on hatred. In all cases there was
Applied part 2 of Art. 214 УК РФ («Вандализм, совершенный по мотиву
ненависти»). Отметим, что и в этом сегменте правоприменения судьи при
вынесении приговора начинают отказываться от популярной ст. 282 и
используют квалифицирующий признак статьи о вандализме.
В этих процессах было осуждено два человека в Ставропольском крае,
двое — в Оренбургской области и один человек — в Тюменской области.
В первом случае подсудимая была приговорена к 1 году и 2 месяцам колонии-поселения [22]
за нарисованную свастику и написанный на стене одного из магазинов
ксенофобный лозунг. Во втором случае были осуждены две 14-летние девушки
за нанесение расистских граффити на стены магазина и автобусную
остановку. Одна из них была приговорена к 1 году ограничения свободы, а
вторая — к мерам воспитательного воздействия и штрафу. In third -
молодые люди, нарисовавшие на заборе соборной мечети свастику и цифры
14/88, были приговорены к ограничению свободы на один год. All these
наказания не кажутся нам чрезмерными.
В последних двух случаях мы видим примеры применения гуманизирующей поправки к УК, принятой в конце 2009 года.
Наказания за пропаганду
За ксенофобную пропаганду в этот период было вынесено не менее 11
приговоров в отношении 15 человек, причем 11 человек было осуждено в
январе-феврале 2011 года. (Эти данные аналогичны данным за осень
2010 года, когда было вынесено 11 приговоров в отношении 13 человек.)
Приговоры были вынесены в Москве и Санкт-Петербурге, Архангельской,
Ульяновской, Курской и Смоленской областях, в Краснодарском, Камчатском и
Ставропольском крае, в республиках Калмыкия и Чувашия.
Зимой 2010–2011 года мы впервые за два года фиксируем уменьшение доли
условных приговоров за пропаганду по сравнению с предыдущими периодами,
когда подавляющее количество приговоров за пропаганду были условными
(скажем, осенью 2010 года к условным срокам за пропаганду были
приговорены 10 человек из 13).
Условные приговоры в этот период выносились за выкладывание в
интернете расистских видеороликов и фильмов, глав из антисемитской
книги, распространение листовок, то есть за малозначительные деяния.
Исключение составил январский приговор лидеру местного отделения ДПНИ,
которого, помимо насилия (об этом приговоре см. выше), обвиняли и в
пропаганде.
В нарушение традиции последних лет этой зимой к лишению свободы были
приговорены люди, не обвинявшиеся в насильственных преступлениях и
судимые впервые. Так, в Татарстане в январе 2011 года за распространение
антисемитских и антигосударственных листовок три человека были
приговорены к одному году колонии-поселения, еще один распространитель
листовок к Калмыкии был приговорен к двум годам колонии в феврале
2011. В декабре 2010 года к двум годам и двум месяцам
колонии-поселения был также приговорен автор и исполнитель песен
ультраправой группы «Позиция», однако он обвинялся в группе с
«соратниками», совершившими убийство гражданина Индии в
Санкт-Петербурге [23] .
Все приговоры за пропаганду были вынесены по ст. 282, только в двух
приговорах — в отношении уже упоминавшихся автора песен ультраправой
группы «Позиция» и протвинского лидера ДПНИ — была применена ст. 280
(«Публичные призывы к осуществлению экстремистской деятельности»).
Приговор лидеру ДПНИ стал также единственным приговором за отчетный период, где применялась ст. 282 1 («Создание экстремистского сообщества»).
Federal list of extremist materials
Зимой Федеральный список экстремистских материалов пополнялся очень
интенсивно (11 раз за зиму) и вырос с 727 до 783 пунктов. At the moment
написания доклада список достиг 808 пунктов.
К концу зимы из 783 позиций списка 4 позиции были «обнулены»
(материалы исключены с сохранением нумерации); 32 позиции в списке
находились даже формально неправомерно, так как решения о признании
материалов экстремистскими были отменены судами высших инстанций, и иных
решений к настоящему моменту принято не было; 47 позиций дублировали
друг друга (не считая включенных в список одних и тех же текстов с
различными выходными данными), из них 3 позиции дублировали друг друга
абсолютно, то есть повторно отражали уже ранее отраженные в списке
судебные решения.
Наряду с действительно известными ксенофобными материалами, такими
как брошюра лидера одного из идеологов «Северного братства» Петра
Хомякова «Пора вернуть эту землю себе» и известная антисемитская брошюра
А. Игнатьева, фильм «Россия с ножом в спине 2», книга Шамиля Басаева,
сайт «Ичкерия-инфо», зимой список пополнили малочитаемые антисемитские и
расистские статьи из региональных газет и интернет-ресурсов,
антикавказские видеоролики, высказывания из интернет-блогов, ксенофобные
листовки, газета башкирских националистов «Оран», материалы Свидетелей
Иеговы, мусульманские материалы и даже этнографические очерки о малых
коренных народах Дальнего Востока с антирусскими комментариями с сайта
guraba.net (уже недоступен) [24] .
Помимо вышеперечисленного в список были добавлены книги Генриха
Гиммлера «Эсэсовец и вопрос крови», Йозефа Геббельса «Дневники
1945 года. Последние записи», Бенито Муссолини «Мемуары 1942–1943»,
запрещенные судом Миякинского района Республики Башкортостан. This is no longer
первое решение [25] в отношении трудов руководителей НСДАП и Фашистской партии
Italy. Мы вынуждены в очередной раз напомнить, что федеральный закон «О
противодействии экстремистской деятельности» прямо относит к
экстремистским и запрещает «труды руководителей национал-социалистской
рабочей партии Германии, фашистской партии Италии» (ч. 3 ст. 1 ФЗ).
Запрет этот является непосредственным и достаточно ясным, так что не
имеет никакого смысла увеличивать и без того огромный список
extremist materials.
Список продолжает сохранять все недостатки, о которых мы уже неоднократно писали ранее [26] . Таким образом, пользоваться этим инструментом становится все менее и менее удобно.
За отчетный период некоторые материалы были признаны экстремистскими,
но пока не попали в Федеральный список. Так, в феврале было признано
экстремистским видео Айрата Вахитова «39 способов помощи джихаду и
участия в нем» с сайта badr.tv, в январе — надписи «Россия для
русскихъ!», «Православие или смерть!» с футболок, продававшихся в
интернет-магазине [27] ,
в декабре — сразу несколько печатных изданий, выходные данные которых
не были указаны (в их число вошли ультраправые издания — журнал
«Атеней», «Национал-социалистическое издание “Страницы террора”», журнал
«Корпус», газета «Корпус» № 1-2, журнал «Русская воля»).
Признание организаций экстремистскими
Зимой 2010–2011 года активно пополнялся и список экстремистских организаций, публикующийся на сайте Минюста [28] . На момент написания доклада он составил 21 пункт.
За отчетный период в него были добавлены три организации:
межрегиональное общественное движение «Славянский союз», нижегородское
региональное общественное объединение «Национал-социалистическая рабочая
партия России» (НСРПР), межрегиональное общественное объединение
«Формат-18».
В список вошли как реально действующие неонацистские организации (Славянский союз), так и уже не существующие организации.
Запрет СС пока ни к чему не привел. Organization's activities
продолжается под другим именем — «Славянская сила», с сохранением
символики, стилистики и аббревиатуры Славянского союза.
Остальные организации к моменту запрета фактически прекратили свое
существование, их лидеры ранее были приговорены к различным срокам
conclusions. Организация «Формат-18» перестала действовать после ареста
ее лидера Максима (Тесака) Марцинкевича в 2007 году. Но если в случае с
этим запретом можно предположить, что он был связан с освобождением из
заключения Тесака, чтобы избежать возрождения популярного среди
ультраправых проекта, то смысл запрета НСРПР менее очевиден. НСРПР
являлась локальной группой, существовавшей в городе Заволжье
Нижегородской области с января 2008 года, и действовала около 10
месяцев, затем члены группы были арестованы и приговорены к длительным
срокам наказания, а группа перестала существовать.
В декабре 2010 года была признана экстремистской еще одна
несуществующая организация — «религиозная секта Благородный орден
дьявола». Мы не видим оснований считать этот запрет правомерным [29] .
Зимой начался процесс по закрытию Движения против нелегальной
иммиграции. 11 февраля 2011 г. прокуратура Москвы приостановила
деятельность ДПНИ и обратилась в суд с требованием признать его
экстремистской организацией. Лидеры ДПНИ действительно не раз допускали
подстрекательские высказывания, а ряд активистов движения совершал
насильственные расистские преступления, что видно даже в этом докладе.
Впрочем, скорее всего, закрытие этой организации для ультраправой среды
решающего значения иметь не будет: подобно Славянскому союзу, она
возникнет под другим названием и свою деятельность прекращать не станет.
Другие административные меры
Очень сложно отследить практику правоприменения по ст. 20.3
(«Пропаганда и публичное демонстрирование нацистской атрибутики или
символики») и ст. 20.29 («Массовое распространение экстремистских
материалов, а равно их производство или хранение в целях массового
распространения») КоАП РФ из-за недоступности информации. Так, за зимний
период известен случай вынесения приговора по ст. 20.29 КоАП в
отношении пользователя местной сети, распространявшего под
псевдонимом ксенофобные тексты и видеофайлы, и приговор по ч. 2 ст. 20.3
КОАП владельцу магазина, торговавшему предметами со свастикой. Оба этих
приговора были вынесены в Красноярском крае, в обоих случаях осужденные
были приговорены к штрафам.
Невозможно также отследить антиэкстремистскую деятельность
прокуратур. Сообщается о нескольких актах прокурорского реагирования и о
вынесении нескольких предупреждений за публичную демонстрацию
Nazi symbols. Однако вынести даже приблизительную оценку
масштаба деятельности ведомства затруднительно.
Что же касается деятельности Федеральной службы по надзору в сфере
связи, информационных технологий и массовых коммуникаций
(Роскомнадзора), то информация, хоть и с некоторым опозданием, но
все-таки подпадает на ее сайт. Так известно, что за отчетный период было
вынесено не менее четырех антиэкстремистских предупреждений редакциям
MASS MEDIA.
Два из них касались публикаций о теракте в аэропорту Домодедово. More
одно было вынесено за ксенофобные комментарии к новости о теракте (в
этом случаем мы не можем судить о правомерности предупреждения, так как
неизвестно, направлялось ли Роскомнадзором, в соответствии с
постановлением июльского пленума Верховного суда РФ, уведомление в
редакцию газеты о нарушении и требование удалить либо отредактировать
комментарии). Было также вынесено предупреждение редакции электронного
периодического издания «Агентство политических новостей» (АПН) — за
распространение в интернете видеоматериала «Матильда на митинге в
поддержку политзаключенных» [30] .
Статистика расистских и неонацистских нападений за 2004 — 31.03.2011 (с разбивкой по областям) [31]
| 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | |
| 1 Убитых2 Избитых и раненых3 Всего пострадавших | 1 Убитых2 Избитых и раненых3 Всего пострадавших | |||||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| Total | 50 | 219 | 269 | 49 | 419 | 468 | 66 | 522 |
| Including: | ||||||||
| Moscow and region | 18 | 62 | 80 | 16 | 179 | 195 | 40 | 228 |
| Петербург и область | 9 | 32 | 41 | 4 | 45 | 49 | 6 | 56 |
| Адыгейская АО | 0 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Altai region | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 |
| Amur region | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 7 | 7 | 0 | 1 |
| Arhangelsk region | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Astrakhan region | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| Belgorod region | 0 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 18 |
| Bryansk region | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Vladimir region | 0 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Volgograd region | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 9 |
| Vologda Region | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Voronezh region | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 21 | 22 | 1 | 6 |
| EAO | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 0 | 0 |
| Ivanovo region | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Irkutsk region | 3 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 5 | 7 | 0 | 8 |
| Калинин- | ||||||||
| градская область | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0 | eleven |
| Kaluga region | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 12 | 12 | 1 | 4 |
| Kemerovo region | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Kirov region | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Kostroma region | 0 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10 |
| Krasnodar region | 2 | 32 | 34 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 0 | 7 |
| Krasnoyarsk region | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 3 |
| Kurgan region | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 | 6 | 0 | 0 |
| Kursk region | 0 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| Lipetsk region | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 0 |
| Mari El | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 15 | 15 | 0 | 5 |
| Murmansk region | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Nizhny Novgorod Region | 1 | 5 | 6 | 4 | 12 | 16 | 0 | 36 |
| Novgorod region | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 |
| Novosibirsk region | 2 | 12 | 14 | 1 | 9 | 10 | 0 | 9 |
| Omsk region | 0 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3 |
| Oryol Region | 0 | 8 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 9 |
| Orenburg region | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Penza region | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Perm region | 0 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 5 | 0 | 1 |
| Primorsky Krai | 5 | 9 | 14 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 18 |
| Republic of Bashkortostan | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 2 |
| The Republic of Buryatia | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Republic of Karelia | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| Komi Republic | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 4 |
| The Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Republic of Tatarstan | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 8 |
| The Republic of Khakassia | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| Pskov region | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Rostov region | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 10 | 10 | 0 | 2 |
| Ryazan Oblast | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 4 |
| Samara Region | 1 | 3 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 9 | 0 | 2 |
| Saratov region | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 4 |
| Sakhalin region | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Sverdlovsk region | 1 | 7 | 8 | 6 | 6 | 12 | 0 | 6 |
| Smolensk region | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 |
| Ставро- | ||||||||
| польский край | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 21 | 21 | 0 | 1 |
| Tambov Region | 0 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 6 | 6 | 0 | 0 |
| Tver region | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 7 |
| Tomsk region | 0 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 6 | 6 | 0 | 4 |
| Tula region | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 2 |
| Tyumen region | 3 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 15 |
| Udmurt republic | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Ulyanovsk region | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Khabarovsk region | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 0 |
| Chelyabinsk region | 1 | 4 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Chita region | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Chuvash Republic | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
| Yaroslavl region | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 6 |
В этой и следующей таблице данные приводятся без учета жертв нападений на Северном Кавказе; жертв массовых драк; бездомных, если мотив ненависти не признан следствием.
Обобщенная статистика расистских и неонацистских нападений за 2004 — 31.03.2011 гг. (с разбивкой по категориям)
| Year | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 |
| 1 Убитых2 Изби-тых и ра-неных | 1 Убитых2 Изби-тых и ра-неных | 1 Убитых2 Изби-тых и ра-неных | 1 Убитых2 Изби-тых и ра-неных | 1 Убитых2 Изби-тых и ра-неных | 1 Убитых2 Изби-тых и ра-неных | 1 Убитых2 Изби-тых и ра-неных | 1 Убитых2 Изби-тых и ра-неных | |
| 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 |
| Total | 50 | 219 | 49 | 419 | 66 | 522 | 93 | 623 |
| Including | ||||||||
| Blacks | 1 | 33 | 3 | 38 | 2 | 32 | 0 | 38 |
| Уроженцы Центральной Азии | 10 | 23 | 18 | 35 | 17 | 60 | 35 | 82 |
| Уроженцы Кавказа | 15 | 38 | 12 | 52 | 15 | 72 | 27 | 64 |
| Уроженцы Ближнего Востока и Северной Африки | 4 | 12 | 1 | 22 | 0 | eleven | 2 | 21 |
| Уроженцы стран АТР (Китай, Вьетнам и т.д.) | 8 | thirty | 4 | 58 | 4 | 52 | 2 | 45 |
| Другие люди «неславянской внешности» | 2 | 22 | 3 | 72 | 4 | 69 | 20 | 90 |
| Представители молодежных субкультур и левацкой молодежи | 0 | 4 | 3 | 121 | 3 | 119 | 5 | 195 |
| Другие (включая русских) или нет информации | 10 | 57 | 5 | 21 | 21 | 107 | 2 | 88 |
Эта таблица отражает не «реальную» принадлежность жертвы к группе, а приписанную ей нападавшими. То есть, если славянина приняли за кавказца, то он попадает в категорию «уроженцы Кавказа», и т.д.
Нам известно также об убийствах и избиения бездомных, в которых правоохранительные органы подозревали(ют) идеологический мотив. За 2004 год известно о 13 таких убийствах, за 2005 — о 5 убийствах и 4 избиениях, за 2006 — о 7 убийствах и 4 избиениях, за 2007 — о 4 убийствах и не менее 2 избиений, за 2008 год — о 7 убийствах и 1 избиении, за 2009 год — об 1 убийстве, в 2010 году — об одном убийстве и двух избиениях.
С 2010 года мы не включаем в таблицу жертв серьезных угроз убийством. Мы знаем 5 таких жертв в 2010 году и 2 в 2011 году.
Статистика обвинительных приговоров, учитывающих мотив ненависти в насильственных преступлениях, за 2004 — 31.03.2011 гг.
| Количество приговоров | Количество осужденных | В том числе условно или освобождены от наказания | |
| 2004 | |||
| Moscow | 4 | eleven | Unknown |
| Petersburg | 2 | 10 | 4 |
| Vladimir region | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Voronezh region | 1 | 3 | 0 |
| Novgorod region | 1 [32] | 1 | 0 |
| Total | 9 | 26 | 5 |
| 2005 | |||
| Moscow | 2 | 4 | 0 |
| Moscow region | 4 [33] | 14 | 0 |
| Petersburg | 2 | 10 | 4 [34] |
| Amur region | 1 | 4 | 0 |
| Volgograd region | 1 | 7 | 0 |
| Lipetsk region | 1 [35] | 4 | 0 |
| Murmansk region | 1 | 2 | 1 |
| Primorsky Krai | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Perm region | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Sverdlovsk region | 1 | 3 | 0 |
| Tambov Region | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Tyumen region | 1 | 5 | 0 |
| Total | 17 | 56 | 5 |
| 2006 | |||
| Moscow | 5 | eleven | 1 |
| Moscow region | 3 | 18 | 4 |
| Altai region | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Belgorod region | 1 | eleven | 1 |
| Voronezh region | 1 | 13 | 7 |
| Jewish Autonomous Region | 1 | 3 | 0 |
| Sverdlovsk region | 3 | 8 [36] | 0 |
| Kaluga region | 1 | 2 | 0 |
| Kostroma region | 2 | 7 | 5 |
| Nizhny Novgorod Region | 4 | 6 | Unknown |
| Novosibirsk region | 1 | Unknown | Unknown |
| Oryol Region | 2 | 6 [37] | 2 |
| Petersburg | 3 | 10 | 4 |
| Rostov region | 1 | 2 | 0 |
| Republic of Bashkortostan | 1 | 3 | 3 |
| Saratov region | 1 | 5 | 0 |
| Sakhalin region | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Sverdlovsk region | 3 | 8 [38] | 0 |
| Tomsk region | 1 | 3 | 0 |
| Total | 33 | 109 [39] | 24 10 |
| 2007 | |||
| Moscow | 4 | eleven | 0 |
| Petersburg | 2 | eleven | 3 |
| Belgorod region | 1 | 2 | 0 |
| Voronezh region | 1 | 4 | 0 |
| Kaluga region | 1 | 3 | 2 |
| Krasnoyarsk region | 1 | 2 | 1 |
| Leningrad region | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Nizhny Novgorod Region | 1 | 9 | 9 |
| Omsk region | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Komi Republic | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Sverdlovsk region | 3 | 9 | 0 |
| North Ossetia | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Stavropol region | 2 | 2 | 0 |
| Tambov Region | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Tyumen region | 1 | 6 | 2 |
| Yaroslavl region | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Total | 23 | 65 | 18 |
| 2008 | |||
| Moscow | 7 | 40 | 4 |
| Moscow region | 2 | eleven | 3 |
| Petersburg | 4 | 9 | 2 |
| Altai region | 1 | 3 [40] | 0 |
| Arhangelsk region | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Vladimir region | 1 | 2 | 0 |
| Ivanovo region | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Kaluga region | 2 | 13 | 6 |
| Kostroma region | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Krasnodar region | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Lipetsk region | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Nizhny Novgorod Region | 1 | 2 | 2 |
| Novgorod region | 1 | 2 | 0 |
| Novosibirsk region | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Omsk region | 1 | 4 | 0 |
| Penza region | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Samara Region | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Sverdlovsk region | 3 | 10 | 0 |
| Stavropol region | 1 | 2 | 1 |
| Tambov Region | 1 | 3 | 3 |
| Yaroslavl region | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Total | 34 | 110 | 25 |
| 2009 | |||
| Moscow | 10 | 40 | 4 |
| Petersburg | 3 | 6 | 1 |
| Altai region | 1 | 7 | 2 |
| Belgorod region | 1 | 2 | 0 |
| Vladimir region | 2 | 2 | 0 |
| Volgograd region | 1 | 9 | 1 |
| Voronezh region | 3 | 10 | 0 |
| Kaluga region | 2 | 7 | 2 |
| Kirov region | 1 | 2 | 0 |
| Kostroma region | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Krasnoyarsk region | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Kursk region | 1 | 2 | 0 |
| Moscow region | 15 [41] | 20 | 0 |
| Nizhny Novgorod Region | 5 | 14 | 6 |
| Novgorod region | 2 | 5 | 0 |
| Novosibirsk region | 4 | 8 | 3 |
| Orenburg region | 1 | 5 | 0 |
| Republic of Adygea | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Samara Region | 1 | 6 | 6 |
| Sverdlovsk region | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Tambov Region | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Tver region | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Udmurt republic | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Khabarovsk region | 2 | 3 | 1 |
| Chelyabinsk region | 1 | 4 | 4 |
| Chuvash Republic | 2 | 9 | 2 |
| Total | 65 | 168 | 3 3 |
| 2010 | |||
| Moscow | 10 | 36 | 3 |
| Petersburg | 6 | 32 | 18 |
| Amur region | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Bryansk region | 3 | 4 | 2 |
| Vladimir region | 4 | 4 | 3 |
| Volgograd region | 1 | 2 | 0 |
| Voronezh region | 4 | 10 | 10 |
| Irkutsk region | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Kaliningrad region | 1 | 6 | 2 |
| Kaluga region | 3 | 6 | 2 |
| Kirov region | 2 | 5 | 5 |
| Kostroma region | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Krasnodar region | 2 | 3 | 0 |
| Moscow region | 7 | 15 | 8 |
| Murmansk region | 2 | 7 | 3 |
| Nizhny Novgorod Region | 10 | 38 | 22 |
| Novgorod region | 1 | 3 | 0 |
| Penza region | 2 | 6 | 2 |
| Primorsky Krai | 2 | 14 | 10 |
| Republic of Adygea | 1 | 3 | 0 |
| Republic of Bashkortostan | 2 | 10 | 5 |
| Republic of Karelia | 2 | 8 | 1 |
| Republic of Tatarstan | 2 | 7 | 5 |
| Rostov region | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Ryazan Oblast | 1 | 2 | 2 |
| Samara Region | 2 | 7 | 2 |
| Saratov region | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Sverdlovsk region | 3 | 9 | 0 |
| Smolensk region | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Stavropol region | 5 | 31 | 6 |
| Tver region | 3 | 17 | 2 |
| Tyumen region | 1 | 14 | 3 |
| Udmurt republic | 1 | 2 | 0 |
| Ulyanovsk region | 1 | 9 | 0 |
| Khabarovsk region | 1 | 2 | 0 |
| Chuvash Republic | 1 | 2 | 0 |
| Total | 92 | 320 | 119 |
| 2011 | |||
| Moscow | 3 | 8 | 0 |
| Altai region | 1 | 3 | 0 |
| Irkutsk region | 1 | 5 | 4 |
| Kemerovo region | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Moscow region | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| Republic of Karelia | 1 | 2 | 1 |
| Republic of Tatarstan | 1 | 4 | 2 |
| Tula region | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Total | eleven | 26 | 9 |
Статистика обвинительных приговоров за пропаганду ненависти (по ст. 282 УК РФ), которые мы не считаем неправомерными, за 2004 — 31.03.2011 гг.
| Количество приговоров | Количество осужденных | В том числе условно или освобождены от наказания | |
| 2004 | |||
| Novgorod region | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Novosibirsk region | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Udmurt republic | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Total | 3 | 3 | 2 |
| 2005 | |||
| Moscow | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Kabardino-Balkaria | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Kemerovo region | 4 | 4 | 1 |
| Kirov region | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Novgorod region | 1 | 3 | 0 |
| Oryol Region | 1 | 2 | 2 |
| Sverdlovsk region | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Komi Republic | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Khabarovsk region | 1 | 1 | 0 [42] |
| Total | 12 | 15 | 6 |
| 2006 | |||
| Moscow | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Moscow region | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Petersburg | 2 | 2 | 1 |
| Astrakhan region | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Kemerovo region | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| Kirov region | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Krasnodar region | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Novgorod region | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Komi Republic | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Samara Region | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| Saratov region | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Sverdlovsk region | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Chelyabinsk region | 1 | 3 | 0 |
| Yaroslavl region | 1 | 2 | 1 |
| Total | 17 | 20 | 7 |
| 2007 | |||
| Moscow | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Altai region | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Amur region | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Vladimir region | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Vologda Region | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Kaliningrad region | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Kaluga region | 1 | 8 | 0 |
| Kirov region | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Krasnodar region | 3 | 3 | 2 |
| Kurgan region | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Novgorod region | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Novosibirsk region | 3 | 3 | 0 |
| Altai Republic | 1 | 2 | 2 |
| Komi Republic | 3 | 312 | 0 |
| The Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) | 1 | 2 | 0 |
| Ryazan Oblast | 1 | 2 | 0 |
| Samara Region | 1 | 2 | 2 |
| Sverdlovsk region | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Stavropol region | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Ulyanovsk region | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Chuvash Republic | 1 | 4 | 0 |
| Chelyabinsk region | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Total | 28 | 42 | 12 |
| 2008 | |||
| Moscow | 2 | 4 | 2 |
| Petersburg | 3 | 3 | 0 |
| Адыгейская АО | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Astrakhan region | 2 | 4 | 0 |
| Altai region | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Amur region | 2 | 4 | 2 |
| Bryansk region | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Vladimir region | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Voronezh region | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Kaliningrad region | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Kirov region | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Krasnodar region | 2 | 3 | 2 |
| Kursk region | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Nenets Autonomous Okrug | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Novgorod region | 2 | 2 | 0 |
| Leningrad region | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Lipetsk region | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Novosibirsk region | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Penza region | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Primorsky Krai | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| The Republic of Buryatia | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| The Republic of Dagestan | 1 | 2 | 2 |
| Republic of Karelia | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| Komi Republic | 2 | 2 | 0 |
| Republic of Tatarstan | 1 | 6 | 1 |
| Rostov region | 2 | 2 | 1 |
| Samara Region | 3 | 3 | 1 |
| Stavropol region | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Tyumen region | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Ulyanovsk region | 1 | 4 | 0 |
| Chelyabinsk region | 2 | 2 | 1 |
| Total | 44 | 60 | 21 |
| 2009 | |||
| Moscow | 4 | 6 | 2 |
| Petersburg | 2 | 2 | 0 |
| Arhangelsk region | 3 | 3 | 1 |
| Vladimir region | 2 | 2 | 1 |
| Vologda Region | 1 | 2 | 2 |
| Ivanovo region | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Kaliningrad region | 2 | 2 | 1 |
| Kamchatka Krai | 1 | 2 | 2 |
| Kemerovo region | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Krasnodar region | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Kursk region | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Moscow region | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Murmansk region | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Nizhny Novgorod Region | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Novgorod region | 2 | 2 | 0 |
| Primorsky Krai | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Republic of Karelia | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Komi Republic | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| The Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Samara Region | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Sverdlovsk region | 1 | 2 | 0 |
| Omsk region | 2 | 3 | 1 |
| Orenburg region | 1 | 4 | 0 |
| Tomsk region | 2 | 2 | 0 |
| Tyumen region | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Khabarovsk region | 3 | 5 | 4 |
| Chelyabinsk region | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Total | 41 | 52 | 22 |
| 2010 | |||
| Moscow | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Petersburg | 1 | 3 | 2 |
| Arhangelsk region | 2 | 2 | 0 |
| Astrakhan region | 2 | 2 | 1 |
| Belgorod region | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Vladimir region | 4 | 4 | 0 |
| Volgograd region | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Voronezh region | 2 | 2 | 1 |
| Kaluga region | 2 | 3 | 0 |
| Kamchatka Krai | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Kirov region | 2 | 2 | 1 |
| Kostroma region | 3 | 3 | 2 |
| Krasnodar region | 3 | 3 | 0 |
| Krasnoyarsk region | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Kurgan region | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Kursk region | 3 | 3 | 2 |
| Leningrad region | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Novosibirsk region | 3 | 3 | 2 |
| Oryol Region | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Pskov region | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Republic of Bashkortostan | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| The Republic of Buryatia | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Republic of Karelia | 2 | 2 | 0 |
| Komi Republic | 4 | 5 | 4 |
| Mari El Republic | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Rostov region | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Samara Region | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Sakhalin region | 1 | 2 | 1 |
| Stavropol region | 4 | 4 | 1 |
| Tomsk region | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Tyumen region | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Udmurt republic | 3 | 3 | 1 |
| Ulyanovsk region | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Khabarovsk region | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| KHMAO | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Chelyabinsk region | 2 | 5 | 3 |
| Chuvash Republic | 2 | 2 | 1 |
| Total | 64 | 7 2 | 3 2 |
| 2011 | |||
| Arhangelsk region | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Vladimir region | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Kursk region | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Moscow region | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Republic of Kalmykia | 1 | 1 | 0 |
| Smolensk region | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Ulyanovsk region | 1 | 2 | 0 |
| KHMAO | 2 | 2 | 1 |
| Chuvash Republic | 1 | 4 | 0 |
| Total | 10 | 14 | 4 |
Статистика обвинительных приговоров за призывы к экстремистской деятельности(ст. 280 УК РФ), которые мы не считаем неправомерными, за 2005 — 31.03.2011 гг. [43]
| Количество процессов | Количество осужденных в процессе | |
| Total | Incl. according to Art. 280 | В том числе условно или освобождены от наказания |
| 2005 | ||
| Vladimir region | 1 | 1 |
| Kemerovo region | 3 | 3 |
| Kirov region | 1 | 1 |
| Total | 5 | 5 |
| 2006 | ||
| Moscow | 1 | 1 |
| Astrakhan region | 1 | 1 |
| Kemerovo region | 2 | 2 |
| Nizhny Novgorod Region | 2 | 3 |
| Chelyabinsk region | 1 | 3 |
| Total | 7 | 9 |
| 2007 | ||
| Kemerovo region | 1 | 1 |
| Krasnodar region* | 1 | 1 |
| Novgorod region | 1 | 1 |
| Sverdlovsk region | 1 | 1 |
| Total | 5 | 5 |
| 2008 | ||
| Moscow** | 1 | 1 |
| Petersburg | 1 | 1 |
| Vladimir region | 1 | 1 |
| Vologda Region | 1 | 2 |
| Kaluga region | 1 | 1 |
| Novosibirsk region | 1 | 1 |
| Republic of Tatarstan* | 1 | 6 |
| Samara Region | 2 | 3 |
| Total | 9 | 16 |
| 2009 | ||
| Moscow | 1 | 1 |
| Arhangelsk region* | 1 | 1 |
| Blagoveshchensk | 2 | 3 |
| Владивосток* | 1 | 1 |
| EAO | 1 | 2 |
| Kemerovo region | 1 | 1 |
| Novosibirsk region* | 1 | 2 |
| Samara Region | 1 | 1 |
| Khabarovsk region | 1 | 1 |
| Total | 10 | 13 |
| 2010 | ||
| Petersburg | 1 | 1 |
| Amur region | 1 | 1 |
| Kemerovo region | 1 | 1 |
| Novosibirsk region | 1 | 1 |
| Omsk region | 1 | 1 |
| Republic of Bashkortostan** | 1 | 1 |
| Республика Коми [44] | 2 | 2 |
| Sakhalin region | 1 | 2 |
| Tyumen region | 1 | 1 |
| Chelyabinsk region** | 1 | 1 |
| Yaroslavl region** | 1 | 2 |
| Total | 12 | 14 |
| 2011 | ||
| Moscow region** | 1 | 1 |
| Total | 1 | 1 |
* В обвинении фигурирует также ст. 282.
** В обвинении фигурируют также другие статьи УК РФ.
Notes
При подготовке доклада использовались материалы ежедневного мониторинга
Центра «СОВА» и регионального мониторинга ультраправой активности,
осуществляемого нашим Центром в нескольких регионах России. Monitoring
проводился с использованием средств государственной поддержки,
выделенных в качестве грантов в соответствии с Распоряжением Президента
Российской Федерации № 300-рп от 8 мая 2010 г.
Подробнее о событиях декабря 2010 года см. в годовом докладе центра
«СОВА»: Верховский А., Кожевникова Г. Призрак Манежной площади:
Радикальный национализм в России и противодействие ему в 2010 году //
Центр «СОВА». 2011. 11 марта ( www.sova-center.ru/racism-xenophobia/publications/2011/03/d21140/ ).
Классификация жертв производится нами по имеющей информации
approximately. Мы ориентируемся при этом на визуальный метод
классификации, которым пользуются и совершающие нападения расисты. So
что выражение, например, «уроженцы Кавказа» следует понимать скорее как
«люди, имеющие, судя по сообщениям, внешность, которая воспринималась
как кавказская». Фактически, это классификация скорее не самих жертв, а
мотивов преступников.
[4] Информация предоставлена комитетом «Гражданское содействие», расследующим эти дела.
Напомним, что ранее БОРН брала на себя ответственность за серию убийств
в 2008–2009 годы, в том числе за убийство антифашиста Ивана Хуторского в
ноябре 2009 года. Но, скорее всего, БОРН — не группировка, а бренд,
используемый разными неонацистскими группами.
Подробнее см. в летнем докладе центра «СОВА»: Альперович В.,
Кожевникова Г. Лето 2010 года: Ультраправые победы на пропагандистских
полях // Центр «Сова». 2010. 6 октября ( www.sova-center.ru/racism-xenophobia/publications/2010/10/d19922/ ).
Подробнее см. в годовом докладе центра «СОВА»: Верховский А.,
Кожевникова Г. Призрак Манежной площади: Радикальный национализм в
России и противодействие ему в 2010 году // Центр «СОВА». 2011. 11 марта
( www.sova-center.ru/racism-xenophobia/publications/2011/03/d21140/ ).
[8] Подробнее см.: Верховский А. Легенды о ДПНИ // Центр «СОВА». 2011. 19 февраля ( www.sova-center.ru/racism-xenophobia/publications/2011/02/d21017/ ).
Заседание президиума Госсовета о мерах по укреплению межнационального
согласия // Официальный сайт президента РФ. 2011. 11 февраля ( www.kremlin.ru/transcripts/10312 ).
[10] Верховский А. Миротворцы в рясах // Независимая газета. 2011. 24 января ( www.ng.ru/politics/2011-01-24/3_kartblansh.html ).
[11] Белов А. С запретом ДПНИ вероятность египетского сценария в России резко возрастет // Сайт ДПНИ. 2011. 6 февраля.
Владимир Басманов комментирует решение Коалиции «Русский марш» о
создании единой организации националистов // Сайт ДПНИ. 2011. 23
February.
[13] Русские националисты объединяются в партию // Политический журналъ. 2011. 25 февраля. ( www.politjournal.ru/index.php?action=News&tek=8333 )
[14] В столице прошел митинг «Москва для всех» // Центр «СОВА». 2010. 27 декабря ( www.sova-center.ru/racism-xenophobia/news/counteraction/2010/12/d20633/ ).
За отчетный период мы столкнулись как минимум с тремя приговорами,
относительно которых нам неизвестно, учтен ли в них мотив ненависти, и с
одним приговором, в котором мотив ненависти был в обвинении, но не
вошел в приговор. Эти данные мы в статистику не включаем.
Подробнее см.: Условный срок за убийство выходца из Таджикистана
получил лидер протвинского отделения ДПНИ // Центр «СОВА». 2010. 24
января ( www.sova-center.ru/racism-xenophobia/news/counteraction/2011/01/d20809/ ).
Балахна: Условный срок не помог: второй приговор был вынесен 40-летнему
расисту в Московской области // Центр «СОВА». 2010. 17 декабря ( www.sova-center.ru/racism-xenophobia/news/counteraction/2010/12/d20883/ ).
В 2008 году А. Рыно и П. Скачевский, вместе с другими участниками
банды, были признаны виновными в совершении 19 убийств и 12 покушениях
на убийство; в 2009 году — в трех покушениях на убийство и в возбуждении
национальной ненависти. Но поскольку в период совершения преступлений
оба они были несовершеннолетними, суммарное наказание все равно не может
превысить 10 лет лишения свободы.
Сергей Маршаков с конца 1999 года входил в группировку «Скинс-легион»,
возглавляемую Максимом (Адольфом) Базылевым (вскрыл вены в камере
следственного изолятора в марте 2009 года). Ее деятельность и
деятельность персонально С. Маршакова стали материалом для культовой в
ультраправой среде книги Дмитрия Нестерова «Скины. Русь пробуждается». Во время первого
ареста М. Базылева С. Маршаков возглавил группу. After release
Базылева от активного сотрудничества с ним С. Маршаков отошел, но
контактов и противоправной деятельности не прервал.
Они обвиняются по пп. «а», «ж», «к», «л» ч. 2 ст. 105 УК РФ («Убийство
двух лиц по мотиву ненависти»), ч. 3 ст. 222 УК РФ и ч. 2 ст. 222 УК РФ
(«Незаконное приобретение и хранение оружия»). Кроме этого, Н. Тихонову
инкриминируется ч. 3 ст. 327 УК РФ («Подделка документов»).
Ранее В. Квачков, вместе с Робертом Яшиным, Александром Найденовым и
Иваном Мироновым, обвинялся в покушении на Анатолия Чубайса и был
оправдан в сентябре 2010 года.
[22] Однако отбывание наказания было отсрочено до достижения совершеннолетия ее дочерью.
[23] Участие автора песен группы «Позиция» в нападении не было доказано. Он был осужден только за пропаганду.
[24] В Южно-Сахалинске материалы с интернет-сайта признаны экстремистскими // Центр «Сова». 2011. 11 ноября (www.sova-center.ru/racism-xenophobia/news/counteraction/2010/11/d20265/ ).
В марте 2010 года Кировский районный суд города Уфы по иску прокуратуры
признал экстремистским материалом книгу Адольфа Гитлера «Майн кампф»; V
мае тот же суд признал экстремистским материалом книгу Бенито Муссолини
«Доктрина фашизма».
Кожевникова Г. Под знаком политического террора. Radical
национализм в России и противодействие ему в 2009 году // Центр «СОВА».
Относительно первого лозунга непонятно, признана ли экстремистской
футболка с лозунгом или сам лозунг. Непонятно также, является ли теперь
экстремистским лозунг «Россия для русских», написанный без твердого и
восклицательного знаков на конце. Кроме того, мы сомневаемся в том, что
лозунг как таковой соответствует определению экстремизма в законе, так
как он может интерпретироваться по-разному. Что касается второго
лозунга, то он действительно популярен среди агрессивной части
представителей некоторых православных организаций (например, Союза
православных хоругвеносцев), но исторически он принадлежит одному из
афонских монастырей и трактуется как противопоставление православия и
духовной смерти: «либо будем православными, либо умрем духовно».
Полное название: «Перечень общественных и религиозных объединений, иных
некоммерческих организаций, в отношении которых судом принято
вступившее в законную силу решение о ликвидации или запрете деятельности
по основаниям, предусмотренным Федеральным законом «О противодействии
экстремистской деятельности».
[29] Подробнее см.: Признана экстремистской уже несуществующая организация сатанистов // Центр «СОВА». 2011. 4 февраля ( www.sova-center.ru/misuse/news/persecution/2011/02/d20924/ ).
Речь идет о видеозаписи выступления Ольги Касьяненко (бывший начальник
штаба группы «Красный блицкриг», известная среди праворадикалов как
Матильда-Дон, жена одного из лидеров «Северного братства» Антона (Флая)
Мухина, суд над которым начался в марте 2011 года) на акции в поддержку
«русских политзаключенных» 19 апреля 2008 г. на Триумфальной площади. By
факту этого выступления было возбуждено уголовное дело по ст. 205.2 УК
РФ («Публичные призывы к осуществлению террористической деятельности»).
[31] В алфавитном порядке регионов, за исключением Москвы и Петербурга как основных центров расистского насилия.
[32] За угрозу взрыва синагоги.
Точной даты одного приговора, вынесенного за убийство по мотиву
национальной ненависти мы, к сожалению, не знаем, но предполагаем, что
он был вынесен в 2005 году.
[34] Еще один оправдан за недоказанностью вины.
[35] Со специальным определением суда в адрес городской администрации.
В том числе трое осуждены за создание экстремистского сообщества и
одновременно за убийство, в котором мотив ненависти не был учтен.
[37] Не менее; по одному делу известно лишь, что приговор вынесен.
В том числе трое осуждены за создание экстремистского сообщества и
одновременно за убийство, в котором мотив ненависти не был учтен.
[39] Не менее.
[40] В том числе один — без мотива ненависти.
По данным прокуратуры Московской области в 2009 году в регионе были
рассмотрены 15 дел, в 9 из которых были вынесены обвинительные приговоры
против 13 человек, в 6 дел закончились примирением в суде, по ним
проходило 7 человек. Нам известно соответственно о трех делах против 4
человек с обвинительными приговорами и 1 деле с примирением сторон.
Подробности остальных приговоров нам неизвестны.
[42] Приговор отменен по кассации из-за истечения срока давности.
В связи с тем, что во многих случаях точная квалификация обвинения нам
неизвестна, таблица не включает приговоры, связанные с насилием, в
которых фигурировали эпизоды ультраправой пропаганды.
[44] В одном из обвинений фигурирует также ст. 282.
Sources