Translated material
The largest snakes in the world
These giants are able to swallow a person entirely, kill with one bite and hunt a team
There are many myths and legends about large snakes, one of which even formed the basis of the Anaconda film franchise. To measure the snake is a difficult task, especially in the wild, says British biologist Beki Hooper. They slip and bend, compress and relax, and rarely remain motionless enough so that they can be measured. However, scientists were still able to do this, and the BBC Wildlife publication based on their data was a rating of the longest snakes in the world. "Cold" talks about them.
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Amethyst python (Simalia amethistina)
It lives in the tropical forests of Indonesia and Papua - New Guinea. This woody python can reach 5.5 meters in length. With amazing dexterity, he climbs into the trees using powerful muscles to wrap himself around the trunks.
Like all the pythons, he will not be pinched and kills the prey, arranging an ambush, and then wrapping himself, with each exhalation of the victims, squeezing more and more. For a long time it was believed that the victims of the pythons die from suffocation, but in fact they most often die from a heart attack. The fact is that when the snake wraps the victim with rings and compresses, it blocks not the flow of oxygen into the lungs, but disrupts the blood flow in the body and the delivery of oxygen through arteries, after which the victim has a heart attack.
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Small amethyst pythons feed on birds, flying mice, rats and hassles, but the largest individuals can swallow animals such as Wallabi - marsupial mammals from the Kangarines family.
Like crocodiles, these snakes often arrange ambushes from reservoirs, where animals come to a watering. With a head lowered to the water, the victim becomes vulnerable, and these snakes are equally good at both in water and in trees.
Australian shrub python (Simalia Kinghorni)
A close relative of amethyst python, Australian shrub python lives in northern Australia and can grow up to 5.65 meters in length. This is the longest snake in Australia and the largest ground predator of the country.
Like his related look, shrub python is able to eat rather large prey. So, in Queensland, golfists witnessed the scene when, during the game, Python swallowed Wallabi right on the golf field.
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These giant snakes often make their way into people's houses and arrange a commotion. Fortunately, not a single case is recorded for a shrub or amethyst python to eat a person (although, according to some reports, they tried to do this).
Cuban Board (Chilabothrus Angulifer)
The same length as the Australian shrub python, among the Cuban boas, is a representative of the species living in Cuba and the small islands surrounding it. Its length reaches 5.7 meters.
The boats, like the pythons (they differ from each other in that the pythons lay eggs, while the boas are viviparous), are not poisonous: they kill their prey, attacking from an ambush and then squeezing it to death.
However, the Cuban boats differ from most other snakes: while the vast majority of snakes live and hunt alone, Cuban boats work together to catch the prey.
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In dark caves, they hang upside down from the ceiling, thus forming a kind of “fence”. Forming such snake fences, each individual increases its chances of successful hunting. The main booty of this type of boas is fruit bats. Once in the mouth of the boa, it is impossible to escape: the victim is compressed and swallowed entirely.
This is the only well -known ground type of snakes, hunting collectively.
Royal Cobra (Ophiophagus Hannah)
The only poisonous snake that fell into this list is the Royal Cobra is probably the most famous of all. She lives in tropical and subtropical Asia. The largest copy, the length of which was reliably recorded in the wild, reached 5.7 meters - as much as the Cuban boaver and the Australian shrub python.
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This snake was caught in Malaysia in 1937, after which it was placed in the London Zoo. Unfortunately, with the outbreak of World War II, the snake was strewn, fearing that in the event of a zoo bombardment, it could escape - such a risk for the population was considered too high.
The poison of the royal cobra is incredibly strong: one bite is enough to kill 20 people. This is neurotoxin - it causes paralysis, which gradually spreads from the place of the bite throughout the body, eventually leading to a stop of breathing and death.
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Cobra uses poison to immobilize the victim before swallowing it entirely. Fortunately, royal cobras rarely bite people. These snakes are shy and avoid contact with a person. They bite when the snake defends or protects the nest.
Another amazing fact: the royal cobra is the only type of snake that builds nests from fallen leaves.
Dark Tiger Python (Python Bivittatus)
From Southern and Southeast Asia, these giant snakes also created an invasive population (that is, a species of a particular look for a given environment) in North America-especially in Florida. Growing up to 5.8 meters, they take fourth place in the list of the longest snakes in the world.
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There are cases when tiger pythons swallowed entirely crocodiles and alligators, although sometimes they overestimate their capabilities: in 2005, one python tried to eat an alligator, which turned out to be too tough for him - as a result, both animals died - the snake simply exploded.
Dark tiger pythons can do without food until one and a half years, and when they finally eat, their heart increases in volume by 40%. Such an additional circulatory power helps them cope with digestion - a real physiological feat, especially when a victim the size of a crocodile.
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Recently, scientists have found that these pythons have special cells in the intestinal walls that can split the bones. Thanks to them, snakes are digested as a whole - along with bones - and at the same time they are not poisoned with an excess of calcium. It is assumed that many other types of snakes have similar cells.
Green Anaconda
Recently, scientists have found that green anacondas (differ from the boas of habitats, dimensions and mass) are divided into two types - northern green anaconda (Eunectes akayima) and the green anaconda itself (Eunectes Murinus). These snakes live in South America and Caribbean. Most often, they can be found in the most inaccessible parts of the tropical forests, and they feel equally confident in water and on land.
The longest individual, measured with reliability, reached almost 6.3 meters, although rumors about “monsters” have a much larger size for a long time. When the zoologist Alfred Russell Wallace went to Amazonia in the 19th century, he heard stories about 12-meter anaconds.
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Green anacondas are able to eat prey the size of a tapir and even jaguars. Although there are many stories about people who have become victims of the anaconds, there are no reliable evidence of such cases.
A feature of green anaconds is unusual behavior during reproduction. More than 10 males can form the so -called “mating ball” around one female, fighting among themselves for the opportunity to take a favorable position. Such a struggle can last up to a month.
Rock Python
The Central African Rock Paton (Python Sebae) and the South African rocky python (Python Natalensis) live in countries south of Sakhara. Both subspecies can reach 6.5 meters in length.
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Like tiger pythons, they are able to swallow extremely large prey - we are talking about crocodiles and antelopes. Sometimes these pythons attack the cubs of large predators like leopards and lions.
In 2017, one of these pythons was filmed in the video at the time when he swallowed an adult hyena weighing about 70 kilograms. In their natural area, these snakes cause fear, but in general they rarely pose a threat to humans. However, there is still a risk: in 2002, in South Africa, a rocky python allegedly swallowed a seven -year -old child.
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Unlike most snakes - and especially other pythons - females of rocky pythons show care of offspring. After the eggs hatch, the mother remains with the cubs for several more weeks to provide them with a safe start to life.
Python reticulatus
The first place among the longest snakes in the world is occupied by a giant from South and Southeast Asia-mesh python.
Unlike most large snakes that do not hunt people, this species is really able to swallow a person as a whole, both a child and an adult.
Anthropologist Thomas Hedland, who lived with one of the Philippine tribes, said that every fourth man in this tribe was attacked by mesh pythons. Most managed to fight back, but there were less successful people. Recently, in Indonesia, the mesh python swallowed a woman who went out to check her garden.
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Nevertheless, people are not the main prey of these snakes. Basically, they feed on rats and other small animals, but large individuals need more calories, so they wait for larger prey: pigs and even cows often become their victims.
The officially fixed maximum length of the mesh python is seven meters, but there are certificates of copies that have reached almost 10 meters.
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Author: Anna Kaltygina